India in the process of ratifying high seas treaty: Union MoS Jitendra Singh
India is advancing in its efforts to ratify the High Seas Treaty, also known as the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement. Union Minister of State for Earth Sciences, Dr. Jitendra Singh, confirmed this during the third United Nations Ocean Conference held in Nice, France, on June 10, 2025. His announcement signals India’s strong commitment to protecting marine biodiversity and enhancing global cooperation on ocean governance.
The treaty, adopted by the United Nations in 2023, is a groundbreaking initiative. It focuses on preserving marine ecosystems beyond national borders—commonly referred to as the “high seas.” These international waters make up nearly two-thirds of the world’s oceans. For a country like India, with deep ties to ocean-based industries, ratifying the treaty aligns with both environmental and economic priorities.
What the High Seas Treaty Aims to Achieve
The BBNJ Agreement was finalized in March 2023 after years of negotiations. It is designed to regulate human activities in areas of the ocean that lie beyond national jurisdiction. These regions have long been subject to unregulated exploitation.
The treaty sets out clear objectives:
- Establish marine protected areas (MPAs)
- Promote fair and equitable access to marine genetic resources (MGRs)
- Mandate environmental impact assessments (EIAs)
- Provide financial support and technology transfer to developing nations
Although over 90 countries have signed the agreement, fewer than a dozen have completed the ratification process. India’s upcoming ratification could provide significant momentum.
Why India Supports the Treaty
India’s interest in the treaty reflects its broader vision for sustainable ocean governance. During his speech, Dr. Singh emphasized that ocean health is essential for all nations, especially for India where millions depend on marine ecosystems for their livelihood.
With a coastline that spans over 7,500 kilometers, India supports the lives of more than 250 million people through coastal industries. The fishing sector alone is a key contributor to the economy, particularly under the PM Matsya Sampada Yojana. As marine ecosystems face increasing pressure from pollution and overuse, India sees international cooperation as essential for long-term protection.
In addition to domestic programs, India has invested in deep-sea exploration, marine science, and coastal resilience. The High Seas Treaty will reinforce these efforts by creating a common set of rules to safeguard international waters.
Why This Treaty Matters Globally and Locally
1. Marine Biodiversity Protection
Industrial activities such as deep-sea mining and overfishing are threatening marine life. The treaty introduces rules to regulate these activities and create biodiversity-safe zones.
2. Growth of the Blue Economy
India’s Blue Economy, which relies on ocean-based industries, is a strategic priority. This treaty enables access to global marine genetic resources, which can benefit sectors like biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
3. Geopolitical Influence
Taking an active role in ratifying the treaty enhances India’s global image. It supports India’s position as a leader in sustainable development and international environmental policy.
4. Climate Action Support
Healthy oceans help stabilize the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. By supporting ocean conservation, India also contributes to its climate goals under the Paris Agreement.
What’s Next for India?
India signed the treaty in September 2024. A Cabinet review followed in July 2024, giving approval to proceed with ratification. Now, the process involves finalizing legislative steps before depositing the official instrument of ratification with the United Nations.
Once 60 countries complete their ratifications, the treaty will take effect after a 120-day period. India is expected to play a crucial role in treaty implementation. This will involve collaboration among ministries, including those for Environment, External Affairs, Fisheries, and Earth Sciences.
India will need to:
- Align domestic laws with treaty guidelines
- Develop new environmental assessment protocols
- Strengthen research and data-sharing systems
These steps will ensure the country can meet its international obligations while supporting local communities and industries.
A Treaty for the Future of Oceans
The High Seas Treaty is more than just a legal document—it’s a lifeline for the planet’s oceans. It reflects a growing understanding that shared ecosystems require shared responsibility. India’s move to ratify the treaty sends a clear message: environmental protection and development can—and must—go hand in hand.
As Dr. Singh aptly stated, “The future of our oceans is the future of our planet.” With this ratification, India takes a meaningful step toward securing that future—not just for itself, but for generations to come.l humankind.
