Prof Sulochana Gadgil, who knew the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of Indian monsoons, passes away at 81
The Indian monsoon is one of the most complex weather systems on Earth. It plays a vital role in agriculture, water resources, and the economy of South Asia. Among the great minds who decoded its mysteries was Prof. Sulochana Gadgil. Known for her deep understanding of the “how” and “why” of the monsoon, she passed away in Bengaluru at the age of 81. Her death marks the loss of a scientist who bridged research, society, and policy.
A Journey from Mathematics to Climate Science
Born in 1944 in Pune, Maharashtra, Gadgil showed exceptional talent in academics. She pursued mathematics at Fergusson College and later at Pune University. Soon, her passion for problem-solving led her to atmospheric sciences. She completed her Ph.D. in applied mathematics at Harvard University. Later, she joined MIT for postdoctoral research under the guidance of Professor Jules Charney, a pioneer in meteorology.
Although she could have built her career abroad, Gadgil chose to return to India. She wanted to apply her knowledge to challenges faced by millions of Indians. This decision shaped a career that combined advanced research with social relevance.
Decoding the Indian Monsoon
The Indian monsoon is often unpredictable and complex. Gadgil transformed the understanding of its core dynamics. Earlier, scientists believed the monsoon to be a giant land-sea breeze. However, Gadgil showed it was driven by a seasonal migration of planetary-scale cloud systems. This breakthrough changed how researchers approached weather predictions.
Her studies on the links between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO) further refined monsoon forecasts. Consequently, India developed better seasonal prediction models. These models proved vital for farmers and planners who depend on accurate rainfall information.
Building Institutions and Mentoring Scientists
Gadgil was not only a researcher but also an institution builder. She played a key role in establishing the Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS) at IISc, Bengaluru. Under her leadership, CAOS became a hub for interdisciplinary studies in climate and atmospheric science.
She believed strongly in mentorship. Many of her students now lead major research projects across the globe. They credit her for nurturing curiosity and scientific discipline.
Science with a Social Purpose
A remarkable feature of Gadgil’s work was her focus on real-world problems. She collaborated with agricultural experts and farmers in rain-fed regions. Together, they developed dynamic crop planning strategies based on early monsoon forecasts.
As a result, farmers were able to choose better crops and planting schedules. This reduced the risks associated with unpredictable rainfall. Gadgil’s approach showed how science could directly improve people’s lives.
Recognition and Honours
Throughout her career, Prof. Gadgil received wide recognition. She was a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences. Her research influenced global climate studies and weather prediction models.
Despite these accolades, she remained grounded and collaborative. She often emphasized teamwork, acknowledging the contributions of her colleagues and students.
A Partnership of Minds
Gadgil was married to Madhav Gadgil, a leading ecologist and thinker. The couple shared a passion for understanding the relationship between nature, climate, and human society. Their partnership became a symbol of how different disciplines could work together to solve pressing challenges.
Her Lasting Legacy
The loss of Prof. Gadgil leaves a significant void in meteorology and climate science. Yet, her research continues to guide weather forecasting and climate policy. Her work on monsoon variability is now an integral part of India’s disaster preparedness strategies.
She proved that scientific research is not limited to laboratories. Instead, it can shape the future of communities and entire nations. Her career remains a shining example of science with purpose.
Tributes from Across the Nation
Following her death, tributes poured in from scientists, political leaders, and farming communities. Former Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh called her a “pioneering meteorologist who transformed monsoon science.” Many of her students remembered her as a mentor who encouraged innovative thinking.
Her humility and commitment to the greater good inspired everyone around her. Even in her later years, she remained active in discussions on climate change and agriculture.
Conclusion
Prof. Sulochana Gadgil’s journey, from a brilliant student in Pune to one of the world’s foremost monsoon experts, is extraordinary. She not only advanced scientific knowledge but also ensured that her research improved lives.
Her passing is a great loss to the scientific community. However, her legacy will continue through the institutions she built, the scientists she mentored, and the farmers she empowered. In an era of climate change, her work on monsoon science remains more relevant than ever.
