Environment ministry panel grants preliminary nod to pumped hydropower project in eco-sensitive Nilgiris
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) recently gave preliminary approval for a large pumped storage hydropower project in the Nilgiris, a region known for its rich biodiversity and ecological sensitivity. This project promises to add 1,000 MW of renewable energy capacity in Tamil Nadu. However, it also raises concerns about its potential impact on local wildlife and indigenous communities.
Project Overview and Location
NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited, a joint venture between NTPC Limited and Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO), will develop the project. The plan involves using water from the Upper Bhavani Dam and the Avalanche and Emerald reservoirs to generate electricity during peak demand hours.
The project site lies within one kilometer of Mukurthi National Park. This park is home to many rare species, including the endangered Nilgiri Tahr. The project will cover roughly 167.85 hectares, with 56.35 hectares of forest land. Due to this proximity, environmental sensitivity remains a top concern.
What Does Preliminary Approval Mean?
The expert appraisal committee (EAC) of MoEFCC granted the project preliminary clearance on April 15, 2025. This approval allows the developers to conduct a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The EIA will evaluate how the project might affect both land and aquatic ecosystems.
The committee has asked for a site visit before giving final environmental clearance. This step ensures that experts can observe the area firsthand and better understand the potential risks.
Importance of Pumped Storage Hydropower
Pumped storage hydropower plays a critical role in India’s renewable energy plans. It works by pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper one when electricity demand is low. Later, when demand peaks, the stored water flows back down, generating electricity.
This technology helps stabilize the electricity grid. It stores excess power produced by renewable sources like solar and wind, which are often intermittent. As India increases its reliance on clean energy, pumped storage projects will support a reliable and balanced power supply.
Environmental Concerns and Local Opposition
Despite its benefits, the project has drawn criticism from environmentalists and local communities. The Nilgiris region hosts many vulnerable species and fragile ecosystems. Large infrastructure projects can disrupt animal habitats, affect water quality, and cause deforestation.
Local indigenous communities depend heavily on the forests and natural resources for their livelihood. Many fear that the project could disturb their traditional way of life. In the past, similar projects in the Nilgiris faced public opposition due to such concerns.
For example, the Silahalla Pumped Storage Hydro-Electric Project, also planned in the Nilgiris, encountered resistance from activists and residents. This opposition led to the cancellation of its public hearing by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.
Balancing Development and Conservation
The government recognizes the need to balance energy development with environmental preservation. The preliminary clearance comes with strict conditions to ensure this balance.
The EIA must thoroughly assess impacts on wildlife, forests, and water bodies. It must also propose mitigation strategies to reduce harm. The committee will carefully review the study and may impose further safeguards.
Community engagement forms another key part of the process. The developers must consult local residents and incorporate their feedback. Transparent communication will help address fears and build trust.
Why the Nilgiris Matter
The Nilgiris is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site. This mountain range is a biodiversity hotspot, hosting thousands of plant and animal species, many found nowhere else.
Mukurthi National Park, near the project site, protects several endangered species like the Nilgiri Tahr, the Lion-tailed Macaque, and the Nilgiri Marten. The park also acts as a crucial watershed for the region.
Any development in this area can affect its ecological balance. That is why the government and experts must proceed cautiously, with full awareness of environmental stakes.
The Road Ahead
With the preliminary approval in place, NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company will begin detailed studies. These include the EIA, wildlife assessments, and hydrological surveys.
The government will continue monitoring the project’s progress. It will only grant final clearance after all environmental and social concerns are addressed.
This project represents a test case for India’s sustainable energy ambitions. It highlights the challenges of meeting power demands while protecting sensitive environments.
Conclusion
The pumped storage hydropower project in the Nilgiris can provide much-needed clean energy. But it must move forward responsibly, respecting the fragile ecosystem and the people who call this region home.
The coming months will show whether this balance is achievable. Careful planning, thorough impact studies, and community involvement will determine the project’s future.
